Assessing and Treating Clients with With Bipolar Disorder

Assessing and Treating Clients with With Bipolar Disorder Order Description BACKGROUND INFORMATION client is a 26-year-old woman of Korean descent who presents to her first appointment following a 21-day hospitalization for onset of acute mania. She was diagnosed with bipolar I disorder. Upon arrival in your office, she is quite “busy,” playing with things on your desk and shifting from side to side in her chair. She informs you that “they said I was bipolar, I don’t believe that, do you? I just like to talk, and dance, and sing. Did I tell you that I liked to cook?” She weights 110 lbs. and is 5’ 5” The Assignment Examine Case Study: An Asian American Woman With Bipolar Disorder. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this client. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the client’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. At each decision point stop to complete the following: Decision #1 Which decision did you select? Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different? Decision #2 Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different? Decision #3 Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources. Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different? Also include how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients. Note: Support your rationale with a minimum of three academic resources. While you may use the course text to support your rationale, it will not count toward the resource requirement. SUBJECTIVE Patient reports “fantastic” mood. Reports that she sleeps about 5 hours/night to which she adds “I hate sleep, it’s no fun.” You reviewed her hospital records and find that she has been medically worked up by a physician who reported her to be in overall good health. Lab studies were all within normal limits. You find that the patient had genetic testing in the hospital (specifically GeneSight testing) as none of the medications that they were treating her with seemed to work. Genetic testing reveals that she is positive for CYP2D6*10 allele. Patient confesses that she stopped taking her lithium (which was prescribed in the hospital) since she was discharged two weeks ago. MENTAL STATUS EXAM The patient is alert, oriented to person, place, time, and event. She is dressed quite oddly- wearing what appears to be an evening gown to her appointment. Speech is rapid, pressured, tangential. Self-reported mood is euthymic. Affect broad. Patient denies visual or auditory hallucinations, no overt delusional or paranoid thought processes readily apparent. Judgment is grossly intact, but insight is clearly impaired. She is currently denying suicidal or homicidal ideation. The Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) score is 22 RESOURCES § Chen, R., Wang, H., Shi, J., Shen, K., & Hu, P. (2015). Cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype affects the pharmacokinetics of controlled-release paroxetine in healthy Chinese subjects: comparison of traditional phenotype and activity score systems. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 71(7), 835-841. doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1855-6 Decision Point One Select what the PMHNP should do: Begin Lithium 300 mg orally BID Begin Risperdal 1 mg orally BID Begin Seroquel XR 100 mg orally at HS RESULTS OF DECISION POINT ONE Client returns to clinic in four weeks Client informs the PMHNP that she has been taking her drug “off and on” only when she “feels like she needs it” Today’s presentation is similar to the first day you met her Decision Point Two Select what the PMHNP should do next: Increase Lithium to 450 mg orally BID Assess rationale for non-compliance to elicit reason for non-compliance and educate client re: drug effects, and pharmacology Switch to Depakote ER 500 mg orally at HS ecision Point Two Assess rationale for non-compliance to elicit reason for non-compliance and educate client re: drug effects, and pharmacology RESULTS OF DECISION POINT TWO Client returns to clinic in four weeks Client states that the drug makes her nauseated and gives her diarrhea Client states that she stops taking it until these symptoms abate, at which point she re-starts only to experience the symptoms again Decision Point Three Select what the PMHNP should do next: Change to Depakote ER 500 mg at HS Change Lithium to sustained release preparation at same dose and frequency Change to trileptal 300 mg orally BID Decision Point Three Change Lithium to sustained release preparation at same dose and frequency Guidance to Student In this case, the client is having nausea and diarrhea, classic side effects of lithium therapy. Changing the client to an extended release formulation can often prevent these symptoms while at the same time affording the client the benefit of lithium’s mood stabilizing properties. Also, lithium is a good choice for control of mania and has also been shown to decrease risk of suicide, which adds to its overall benefits. Depakote may be an option if changing to sustained release lithium does not alleviate the side effects. Oxcarbazpine (Trileptal) is an option, but is a second line therapy and is not appropriate at this stage as the client has not had an adequate trial of first line agents. RESOURCES Stahl, S. M. (2013). Stahl’s essential psychopharmacology: Neuroscientific basis and practical applications (4th ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. To access the following chapters, click on the Essential Psychopharmacology, 4th ed tab on the Stahl Online website and select the appropriate chapter. Be sure to read all sections on the left navigation bar for each chapter. Chapter 6, “Mood Disorders” Chapter 8, “Mood Stabilizers” Stahl, S. M., & Ball, S. (2009b). Stahl’s illustrated mood stabilizers. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. To access the following chapters, click on the Illustrated Guides tab and then the Mood Stabilizers tab. Chapter 4, “Lithium and Various Anticonvulsants as Mood Stabilizers for Bipolar Disorder” Chapter 5, “Atypical Antipsychotics as Mood Stabilizers for Bipolar Disorder” Vitiello, B. (2013). How effective are the current treatments for children diagnosed with manic/mixed bipolar disorder? CNS Drugs, 27(5), 331-333. doi:10.1007/s40263- 013-0060-3 Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases. Chen, R., Wang, H., Shi, J., Shen, K., & Hu, P. (2015). Cytochrome P450 2D6 genotype affects the pharmacokinetics of controlled-release paroxetine in healthy Chinese subjects: comparison of traditional phenotype and activity score systems. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 71(7), 835-841. doi:10.1007/s00228-015-1855-6 Note: Retrieved from Walden Library databases. Required Media Laureate Education. (2016f). Case study: An Asian American woman with bipolar disorder [Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author Note: This case study will serve as the foundation for this week’s Assignment. Optional Resources Mostafavi, A., Solhi, M., Mohammadi, M., Hamedi, M., Keshavarzi, M., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2014). Melatonin decreases olanzapine induced metabolic side-effects in adolescents with bipolar disorder: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Acta Medica Iranica, 52(10), 734-739. Retrieved from https://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta