BIOLOGICAL BASIS AND ETHICAL/LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS OF PSYCHOTHERAPY
Many studies have found that psychotherapy is as effective as psychopharmacology in terms of influencing changes in behaviors, symptoms of anxiety, and changes in mental state. Changes influenced by psychopharmacology can be explained by the biological basis of treatments. But how does psychotherapy achieve these changes? Does psychotherapy share common neuronal pathways with psychopharmacology?
Psychotherapy is used with individuals as well as in groups or families. The idea of discussing confidential information with a patient in front of an audience is probably quite foreign to you. However, in group and family therapy, this is precisely what the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner does. In your role, learning how to provide this type of therapy within the limits of confidentiality is essential.
For this Discussion, you will consider whether psychotherapy also has a biological basis and analyze the ways in which legal and ethical considerations differ in the individual, family, and group therapy settings.
Sample Solution
While psychopharmacology directly impacts the brain's chemistry to influence behavior, psychotherapy works through a different, but no less biological, pathway. Here's how:
- Neuroplasticity: Psychotherapy is thought to induce neuroplasticity, the brain's ability to reorganize itself. By forming new neural connections and strengthening existing ones, therapy can alter behavior patterns and emotional responses. Techniques like exposure therapy, for example, can weaken fear pathways while strengthening coping mechanisms.
Full Answer Section
- Neurotransmitters: Talking therapy can also influence neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine. These chemicals play a crucial role in mood, motivation, and social interaction. Through safe and supportive interactions with a therapist, therapy can potentially increase the production and regulation of these neurotransmitters, leading to positive changes in mood and behavior.
- Stress Hormones: Chronic stress can disrupt brain function and contribute to mental health issues. Therapy can help individuals manage stress by teaching relaxation techniques and coping skills. This can lead to a reduction in stress hormones like cortisol, promoting a healthier brain environment.
- Individual Therapy: Confidentiality is paramount. Discussions are private between therapist and client, with exceptions for potential harm to self or others, or court orders.
- Group Therapy: Confidentiality is still crucial, but with limitations. Members are expected to maintain confidentiality about others' disclosures within the group. The therapist facilitates open communication while ensuring a safe and respectful environment.
- Family Therapy: Confidentiality becomes more complex. While individual disclosures deserve privacy, family dynamics and therapeutic progress often require some information sharing within the family. Informed consent from all participants is essential, outlining what information will be shared and for what purpose.