Common forms of attack on Microsoft systems using the Internet, and/or your job as reference for full credit

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. Common Attacks on Microsoft Systems via the Internet

Microsoft systems are popular targets for cyberattacks due to their widespread use. Here are some common attack methods leveraged through the internet:

• Malware: This malicious software can be disguised as legitimate software or delivered through phishing emails. Once installed, malware can steal data, disrupt operations, or hold systems hostage with ransomware.
• Phishing: Phishing emails attempt to trick users into revealing sensitive information like passwords or clicking malicious links. These emails often appear to be from legitimate sources such as banks or tech support.
• Drive-by Attacks: By visiting compromised websites, vulnerabilities on a user's system can be exploited to automatically download and install malware.
• Password Attacks: Hackers can use brute force attacks (trying many combinations) or exploit weak passwords to gain unauthorized access to systems.
• Zero-Day Exploits: These exploit previously unknown vulnerabilities in Microsoft software, allowing attackers to gain access before a security patch is available.
• Watering Hole Attacks: Attackers compromise websites frequented by specific targets. When those targets visit the compromised site, their systems become vulnerable to attack.

2. Installation Concerns for Windows Server 2012 Vulnerabilities

While installing Windows Server 2012, several factors can introduce vulnerabilities:

1. Insecure Password Selection: Choosing weak or easily guessable passwords for administrator accounts grants easy access to attackers who exploit login credentials.

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1. Skipping Security Updates: Failing to install the latest security updates from Microsoft leaves the system exposed to known vulnerabilities with publicly available exploits.
2. Unnecessary Services and Features: Enabling unnecessary services or features creates additional attack surfaces. Hackers can exploit vulnerabilities in these unused services to gain a foothold in the system.
3. Improper Firewall Configuration: A misconfigured firewall may allow unauthorized access to internal network resources or expose sensitive data to the public internet.
4. Ignoring Default Account Permissions: Leaving default administrator accounts with full permissions across the system increases the potential damage caused by a successful attack.

3. Basic Network Components in Today's World

Networks are the backbone of modern communication and data exchange. Here are three essential network components used extensively today:

1. Routers: These act as traffic directors, intelligently forwarding data packets across networks based on their destination addresses. Routers ensure efficient data flow by choosing the optimal path for each packet.

2. Switches: Switches connect devices within a network segment, allowing them to communicate directly with each other. They learn the MAC addresses (unique identifiers) of connected devices and forward data packets only to the intended recipient, reducing unnecessary network traffic.

3. Firewalls: Firewalls act as security barriers, controlling incoming and outgoing network traffic. They enforce security policies by filtering traffic based on pre-defined rules. Firewalls help to prevent unauthorized access, malware infiltration, and data breaches.

These basic components work together to create a robust and secure network infrastructure that facilitates communication, resource sharing, and internet access in today's digital world.