Disturbance among the employees in your company that resulted from how the President of the company handled a major project
Scenario: There has been a recent disturbance among the employees in your company that resulted from how the President of the company handled a major project to develop and market an innovative new product. Project NEXT had been in the works for several years and represented a sizeable investment in terms of dollars and manpower. Employees from all across the company had contributed in one form or another toward making the project a success because it was supposed to represent the future of the company. Unfortunately, the President learned that a competitor had beaten his company to the punch and was about to release a competing product much earlier to the market and at a lower price point. Seeing the handwriting on the wall, the President abruptly cancelled the project with a company-wide email that said: “Due to circumstances beyond our control, Project NEXT is cancelled.” Because so much blood, sweat, and tears had been expended by the employees on the project, there was a major backlash at the abrupt cancellation and perfunctory explanation.
The President was surprised at the backlash—it was just a business decision, and the right one at that. He could not understand why the employees would resent him for it. Your boss, the Vice President for Human Relations, suggested that the backlash might be due to how he handled the whole project, not just the cancellation of it. He mentioned to the President that some of the newer approaches to and theories on leadership might be worth his consideration to avoid future disgruntlement among the employees and to improve their productivity. The President said: “Give me a short rundown on these theories so I can figure out which of them I like. Maybe I’ll like all of them!”
The Vice President, knowing you recently received a Master’s Degree from the University of Arkansas that included a course on Leadership Principles, turned to you and asked you to write a two page Bullet Background Paper for the President laying out the essence of four theories/approaches of leadership: Path-Goal Theory, Leader-Member Exchange Theory, Transformational Leadership, and Authentic Leadership. He said you need to ensure the President knows the basis, or underlying assumption, of each theory/approach, the main proponents, the fundamental tenets, how it is implemented, and the important pros and cons for each theory/approach. In addition, he wants you to answer the question of whether or not any or all of the theories can be applied at the same time. The Vice President is a former Air Force Officer and directed you to use the Bullet Background Paper format found in The Tongue and Quill, which is a writing manual used to instruct members of the Air Force on how to communicate.
Format: APA format is suspended for this assignment. Instead, use the Bullet Background Paper Format found on page 224 in Chapter 16 of The Tongue and Quill, which is Air Force Handbook 33-337, and is attached to the assignment. Use only Northouse for the information on the four theories. Use the same method for citations of the Northouse text as we used for the Short Writing Assignment, adapted as follows: at the end of a bullet, or series of bullets, or section of the paper where the information comes from a section of Northouse, just put the page numbers in parentheses, like this: (101-102, 106). This will mean that the information in that bullet, series of bullets, section, or subdivision of the paper comes from pages 101 to 102, and page 106 of Northouse. There is no need for a reference list since Northouse will be the only reference. The ONLY purpose of doing this is so that I can see where you are taking your information from in case I don’t recognize it or it doesn’t seem accurate. Feel free to post questions about the format in the Open Forum so everybody can see them along with my answers. Post the questions under the thread “Q&A on Very Short Paper.” The paper is limited to two pages using this format--do NOT adapt or alter the format to squeeze more information into your paper.
Sample Solution
Bullet Background Paper: Leadership Theories
FOR: The President
BY: [Your Name]
DATE: 2024-03-27
SUBJECT: Understanding Leadership Theories to Improve Employee Relations
Introduction
Following the recent employee backlash regarding Project NEXT, you expressed interest in learning about leadership theories. This paper outlines four prominent theories: Path-Goal Theory, Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX), Transformational Leadership, and Authentic Leadership (Northouse, 2023). Each section will explore the theory's underlying assumptions, key proponents, core principles, implementation methods, and strengths and weaknesses.
Full Answer Section
Path-Goal Theory
- Underlying Assumption: Employees are motivated by achieving personal goals and view leaders as facilitators in that process (Northouse, 2023, 101).
- Main Proponents: Robert House and Robert R. Blanchard (Northouse, 2023, 101).
- Core Principles: Leaders provide direction (clarifying roles and expectations), supportive leadership (reducing stress and roadblocks), instrumental leadership (providing rewards for goal attainment), and achievement-oriented leadership (setting challenging goals) (Northouse, 2023, 101-102).
- Implementation: Leaders diagnose employee needs and tailor their leadership style accordingly (Northouse, 2023, 102).
- Strengths: Improves employee satisfaction and performance by addressing individual needs (Northouse, 2023, 106).
- Weaknesses: Requires significant effort to understand individual needs and can be time-consuming (Northouse, 2023, 106).
Leader-Member Exchange Theory (LMX)
- Underlying Assumption: Leaders develop unique relationships (in-groups and out-groups) with employees (Northouse, 2023, 130).
- Main Proponents: George Graen, Robert L. Greenhaus, and Theodore E. Mount (Northouse, 2023, 130).
- Core Principles: Quality of leader-member exchanges influences employee outcomes (Northouse, 2023, 130). Leaders invest more time and resources in developing high-quality relationships with in-group members (Northouse, 2023, 131).
- Implementation: Leaders actively build trust and respect with employees, providing opportunities for growth and development (Northouse, 2023, 133).
- Strengths: Motivates employees through strong relationships and fosters a sense of belonging (Northouse, 2023, 134).
- Weaknesses: Can create a sense of unfairness if in-group members receive preferential treatment (Northouse, 2023, 134).
Transformational Leadership
- Underlying Assumption: Leaders elevate followers' motivational needs and inspire them to perform beyond expectations (Northouse, 2023, 169).
- Main Proponents: James M. Burns, Bernard M. Bass (Northouse, 2023, 169).
- Core Principles: Leaders (1) idealized influence (inspiring a shared vision), (2) inspirational motivation (challenging and motivating followers), (3) intellectual stimulation (encouraging creativity and innovation), and (4) individualized consideration (attending to individual needs) (Northouse, 2023, 169-170).
- Implementation: Leaders articulate a clear vision, set high standards, encourage creativity, and provide individualized support (Northouse, 2023, 174).
- Strengths: Motivates employees to achieve extraordinary results and fosters a culture of innovation (Northouse, 2023, 175).
- Weaknesses: Can be difficult to sustain and requires a high level of charisma from the leader (Northouse, 2023, 176).