Hematopoietic And Cardiovascular

  Hematopoietic: J.D. is a 37 years old white woman who presents to her gynecologist complaining of a 2-month history of intermenstrual bleeding, menorrhagia, increased urinary frequency, mild incontinence, extreme fatigue, and weakness. Her menstrual period occurs every 28 days and lately there have been 6 days of heavy flow and cramping. She denies abdominal distension, back-ache, and constipation. She has not had her usual energy levels since before her last pregnancy. Past Medical History (PMH): Upon reviewing her past medical history, the gynecologist notes that her patient is a G5P5with four pregnancies within four years, the last infant having been delivered vaginally four months ago. All five pregnancies were unremarkable and without delivery complications. All infants were born healthy. Patient history also reveals a 3-year history of osteoarthritis in the left knee, probably the result of sustaining significant trauma to her knee in an MVA when she was 9 years old. When asked what OTC medications she is currently taking for her pain and for how long she has been taking them, she reveals that she started taking ibuprofen, three tablets each day, about 2.5 years ago for her left knee. Due to a slowly progressive increase in pain and a loss of adequate relief with three tablets, she doubled the daily dose of ibuprofen. Upon the recommendation from her nurse practitioner and because long-term ibuprofen use can cause peptic ulcers, she began taking OTC omeprazole on a regular basis to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding. Patient history also reveals a 3-year history of HTN for which she is now being treated with a diuretic and a centrally acting antihypertensive drug. She has had no previous surgeries. Case Study Questions Name the contributing factors on J.D that might put her at risk to develop iron deficiency anemia. Within the case study, describe the reasons why J.D. might be presenting constipation and or dehydration. Why Vitamin B12 and folic acid are important on the erythropoiesis? What abnormalities their deficiency might cause on the red blood cells? The gynecologist is suspecting that J.D. might be experiencing iron deficiency anemia. In order to support the diagnosis, list and describe the clinical symptoms that J.D. might have positive for Iron deficiency anemia. If the patient is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, what do you expect to find as signs of this type of anemia? List and describe. Labs results came back for the patient. Hb 10.2 g/dL; Hct 30.8%; Ferritin 9 ng/dL; red blood cells are smaller and paler in color than normal. Research list and describe for appropriate recommendations and treatments for J.D. Cardiovascular Mr. W.G. is a 53-year-old white man who began to experience chest discomfort while playing tennis with a friend. At first, he attributed his discomfort to the heat and having had a large breakfast. Gradually, however, discomfort intensified to a crushing sensation in the sternal area and the pain seemed to spread upward into his neck and lower jaw. The nature of the pain did not seem to change with deep breathing. When Mr. G. complained of feeling nauseated and began rubbing his chest, his tennis partner was concerned that his friend was having a heart attack and called 911 on his cell phone. The patient was transported to the ED of the nearest hospital and arrived within 30 minutes of the onset of chest pain. In route to the hospital, the patient was placed on nasal cannula and an IV D5W was started. Mr. G. received aspirin (325 mg po) and 2 mg/IV morphine. He is allergic to meperidine (rash). His pain has eased slightly in the last 15 minutes but is still significant; was 9/10 in severity; now7/10. In the ED, chest pain was not relieved by 3 SL NTG tablets. He denies chills. Case Study Questions For patients at risk of developing coronary artery disease and patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarct, describe the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. What would you expect to see on Mr. W.G. EKG and which findings described on the case are compatible with the acute coronary event? Having only the opportunity to choose one laboratory test to confirm the acute myocardial infarct, which would be the most specific laboratory test you would choose and why? How do you explain that Mr. W.G temperature has increased after his Myocardial Infarct, when that can be observed and for how long? Base your answer on the pathophysiology of the event. Explain to Mr. W.G. why he was experiencing pain during his Myocardial Infarct. Elaborate and support your answer.        

Sample Solution

   

J.D.'s Case:

  • Iron deficiency anemia: I can explain the risk factors for iron deficiency anemia, the importance of vitamins B12 and folic acid in red blood cell production, and the symptoms and signs of this type of anemia.
  • Resources: I can provide links to reliable websites and medical journals with further information on iron deficiency anemia, including its causes, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Full Answer Section

     

Mr. W.G.'s Case:

  • Cardiovascular risk factors: I can discuss the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease and acute myocardial infarction.
  • EKG findings: I can explain what abnormalities might be seen on an EKG in a patient with an acute coronary event and which of Mr. W.G.'s symptoms are consistent with this condition.
  • Laboratory tests: I can explain why different laboratory tests are used to confirm acute myocardial infarction and the factors considered when choosing the most specific test.

General Resources:

  • I can provide you with links to reputable medical organizations that offer information on both iron deficiency anemia and acute myocardial infarction. These organizations include the American Academy of Family Physicians, the Mayo Clinic, and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

Remember, it's crucial to seek medical advice from a qualified healthcare professional for any specific health concerns you or someone you know may have. Self-diagnosis and treatment can be dangerous, and only a healthcare professional can provide personalized guidance and care.

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