History of psoriasis

Sample Solution

Integumentary Function: Psoriasis

Common Triggers for Psoriasis and Clinical Types

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by rapid skin cell turnover, leading to thick, scaly patches. Common triggers for psoriasis include:

• Stress: Emotional stress can exacerbate psoriasis symptoms.
• Infection: Certain infections, such as strep throat, can trigger psoriasis flares.
• Injury to the skin: Skin injuries, such as cuts or burns, can trigger psoriasis at the site of injury.
• Certain medications: Some medications, such as beta-blockers and lithium, can worsen psoriasis.
• Alcohol and smoking: Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking can exacerbate symptoms.
• Climate and weather: Cold, dry weather can worsen psoriasis.

There are several clinical types of psoriasis, including:

• Plaque psoriasis: The most common type, characterized by raised, red, scaly patches on the skin.
• Guttate psoriasis: Small, red, drop-shaped spots that often appear after a strep throat infection.
• Inverse psoriasis: Smooth, red patches that occur in skin folds, such as the groin and under the breasts.

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• Pustular psoriasis: Small, pus-filled blisters that can occur on the palms, soles, or scalp.
• Erythrodermic psoriasis: A severe form of psoriasis that covers large areas of the body with red, scaly skin.

Treatment for Psoriasis Relapse

Given K.B.'s history of plaque psoriasis and the current generalized flare-up, a combination therapy approach would be most appropriate. This may include:

• Topical corticosteroids: High-potency corticosteroids can help reduce inflammation and suppress the immune response.
• Topical vitamin D analogs: These medications can slow skin cell growth and reduce inflammation.
• Topical retinoids: These medications can help reduce scaling and inflammation.
• Phototherapy: Exposure to ultraviolet light can help slow skin cell growth and reduce inflammation.
• Systemic therapy: In severe cases, systemic medications such as biologics or oral medications may be necessary.

Non-pharmacological options include:

• Stress management techniques: Stress reduction techniques like meditation and yoga can help manage psoriasis symptoms.
• Moisturizing the skin: Regular moisturizing can help prevent dry, cracked skin and reduce itching.
• Avoiding triggers: Identifying and avoiding triggers can help prevent flare-ups.

Medication Review and Reconciliation

A medication review and reconciliation are essential to identify potential drug interactions, adverse effects, and contraindications. In K.B.'s case, it's important to know if she is taking any medications that could interact with psoriasis treatments or worsen her symptoms. Additionally, a medication review can help identify any medications that may be contributing to the flare-up.

Other Manifestations of Psoriasis

Psoriasis can affect more than just the skin. Other manifestations may include:

• Psoriatic arthritis: A type of arthritis that can cause joint pain, swelling, and stiffness.
• Nail psoriasis: Pitting, discoloration, and thickening of the nails.
• Eye inflammation: Inflammation of the eyes, such as conjunctivitis and uveitis.

Sensory Function: Eye Infection

Diagnosis: Acute Bacterial Conjunctivitis

The clinical presentation of C.J. is consistent with acute bacterial conjunctivitis. The symptoms of eye redness, discharge, and blurred vision are typical of this condition.

Etiology

While the exact etiology cannot be determined without further testing, bacterial conjunctivitis is a common cause. Other potential causes include viral conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and gonococcal or chlamydial conjunctivitis. However, the rapid onset, purulent discharge, and lack of other systemic symptoms make bacterial conjunctivitis the most likely diagnosis.

Therapeutic Approach

Given the clinical presentation, empiric treatment with a broad-spectrum antibiotic eye drop, such as ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin, is appropriate. If symptoms persist or worsen, further evaluation and testing may be necessary to identify the specific causative organism and adjust treatment accordingly.