How the principle of selection applies to the development of operant behavior.

Sample Solution

The principle of selection in operant behavior is analogous to natural selection in biology. Just as organisms with traits that enhance their survival and reproduction are more likely to pass on those traits, behaviors that result in positive outcomes are more likely to be repeated.

Here's a breakdown:

1. Reinforcement: When a behavior is followed by a consequence that increases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again, it's called reinforcement. This positive outcome "selects" the behavior.

Full Answer Section

1. Punishment: If a behavior is followed by a consequence that decreases the likelihood of the behavior occurring again, it's called punishment. This negative outcome "deselects" the behavior.

• Contingency: The behavior must be followed by the consequence for selection to occur.
• Reinforcers and punishers: What constitutes a reinforcer or punisher can vary across individuals and contexts.
• Shaping: Complex behaviors can be developed through a process of shaping, where successive approximations of the desired behavior are reinforced.