Landmark US Supreme Court Cases: Kent v. US (1966)
choose a landmark case from the list provided below. Then, provide a brief description of the case selected. Next, provide the historical context in which the case was argued (e.g., what events were taking place in society that led the US Supreme Court to hear this particular case). Provide the historical evolution of the case, from the time it was argued in court to the present time. Finally, discuss the impact and implication the case had in the treatment and management of juveniles in the criminal or juvenile justice systems and provide a personal position with respect the Supreme Court's ruling. If you agree with the ruling discuss why there was a need to change the law. If you disagree with the position, explain the negative implications of this ruling on juvenile offenders.
Landmark US Supreme Court Cases:
Kent v. US (1966)
In re Gault (1967)
In re Winship (1970)
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971)
Breed v. Jones (1975)
Stanford v. Kentucky (1988)
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
Graham v. Florida (2010)
J.D.B. v. North Carolina (2011)
Jackson v. Hobbs (2011)
Miller v. Alabama (2012)
Montgomery v. Louisiana (2016)
Sample Solution
Case Description: Roper v. Simmons challenged the constitutionality of the death penalty for juveniles. Missouri sentenced 17-year-old Christopher Simmons to death for murdering a woman during a robbery.
Historical Context: The death penalty was becoming increasingly controversial in the US in the 1980s and 1990s. There were growing concerns about wrongful convictions, fairness, and the morality of capital punishment. In 1988, the Supreme Court upheld the death penalty for juveniles in Stanford v. Kentucky, but the issue remained under debate.
Full Answer Section
Historical Evolution:- 2005: The Supreme Court, in a 5-4 decision, ruled that executing juveniles violated the Eighth Amendment's prohibition on cruel and unusual punishment.
- Present: Roper v. Simmons remains a landmark case, effectively prohibiting the death penalty for anyone under 18 at the time of the crime. It has influenced other countries to reconsider capital punishment for juveniles.
- Impact: The ruling significantly reduced the number of juvenile death sentences in the US. It forced a national conversation about the maturity and culpability of young offenders.
- Implications: The case raised important questions about the rehabilitative potential of juveniles and whether the death penalty serves as an effective deterrent for this population.
- Brain Development: Research shows that the human brain continues to develop well into the early 20s. Juveniles may have less impulse control and a diminished capacity to understand the consequences of their actions compared to adults.
- Risk of Error: The possibility of wrongful conviction is especially concerning for juveniles who may face a lifetime sentence or execution.
- Rehabilitation Potential: Juveniles have a greater chance of rehabilitation compared to adults. Denying them the opportunity for growth and redemption seems overly harsh.