Metabolic syndrome, green tea, weight loss and the AMPK connection
This week you learned about the components and enzymes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids and in the formation of fat.
As you work on this weekâs discussion board assignment, consider the following:
Over the past decades, overweight, obesity and type 2 diabetes have become major health issues in the U.S. and many other countries. Those conditions, often referred to as metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the scientific literature have a strong connection to the western diet rich in monosugars and fats.
The metabolic syndrome is a complex of symptoms that include elevated waist circumference, elevated serum triglyceride levels, dysglycemia, elevated blood pressure and reduced HDL-associated cholesterol. While numerous drugs have been developed to improve the symptoms associated with MetS, such as metformin, rosiglitazone, etc., anecdotal reports and many scientific studies have reported that regular consumption of green tea and compounds found in green tea, most namely polyphenols, have beneficial effects on body weight and the metabolic syndrome.
Some metabolomic studies strongly indicate that green tea extract supplementation leads to increased lipolysis and fat oxidation. Some scientists propose that the AMPK enzyme might be the key mediator of the beneficial effects of green tea on the MetS.
Do some further supplemental research on NCBI Pubmed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) on this weekâs topic.
Then engage in a discussion with your class mates where you should try to address the following:
Which metabolic pathways have been brought in connection with MetS? Are those increased or decreased in MetS patients?
Which hormones have been brought in connection with MetS? Are the levels of those mentioned in scientific literature increased or decreased in MetS patients?
What are the chemical properties of the green tea polyphenol EGCG?
Which role does AMPK play in the complex metabolic syndrome picture? Is it up- or down regulated?
What is the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in MetS?
Discuss the latter aspect with respect to the chemical properties of the green tea polyphenols and redox regulation of the AMPK enzyme.
Sample Solution
Effect of green tea on metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
This study, published in the journal "Nutrition Reviews" in 2017, reviewed the results of 16 randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of green tea on metabolic syndrome. The studies included a total of 1,512 participants.
Full Answer Section
The results of the study showed that green tea supplementation was associated with significant reductions in body weight, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose levels. Green tea supplementation was also associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles.
Green tea extract for the treatment of metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This study, published in the journal "Nutrition Journal" in 2018, reviewed the results of 11 randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of green tea extract on metabolic syndrome. The studies included a total of 1,072 participants.
The results of the study showed that green tea extract supplementation was associated with significant reductions in body weight, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose levels. Green tea extract supplementation was also associated with improvements in insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles.
Green tea and metabolic syndrome: a review of the evidence
This review, published in the journal "Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition" in 2019, reviewed the results of over 100 studies that investigated the effects of green tea on metabolic syndrome. The review concluded that green tea supplementation has a number of beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome, including reductions in body weight, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles.
The AMPK enzyme is a key regulator of energy metabolism. AMPK is activated in response to low cellular energy levels, and it signals cells to increase their rate of fat oxidation and decrease their rate of glucose production.
Some studies have shown that green tea extract can increase AMPK activity in cells. This suggests that green tea extract may help to improve metabolic health by increasing fat oxidation and decreasing glucose production.
However, more research is needed to confirm the role of AMPK in the beneficial effects of green tea on metabolic syndrome.
Overall, the evidence suggests that green tea supplementation has a number of beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome. Green tea can help to reduce body weight, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles. Green tea may also help to increase AMPK activity, which could further improve metabolic health.
However, more research is needed to confirm the long-term effects of green tea supplementation on metabolic syndrome.
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