Negative symptom of schizophrenia
1.Define what is meant by a negative symptom of schizophrenia. Then describe in detail four negative symptoms of schizophrenia.
2.Compare and contrast depression and mania and explain how these are related to unipolar depression and bipolar disorders.
3.Explain the effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
4.Interpersonal therapists believe that any of four interpersonal problem areas can lead to depression and must be addressed in therapy. Briefly describe each of these areas and provide an example of each.
5. Explain the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia.
6. Trace the common pattern of development of Alzheimer's from its initial stage until the person's death.
7. Nicotine use and abuse through smoking cigarettes affects around 27 percent of Americans. What are the effects of tobacco use disorder? Why is tobacco use disorder so difficult to treat? What are two treatments for tobacco use disorder?
8. Explain the cognitive-behavioral treatment approach that is designed to help those with schizophrenia change how they both view and react to their hallucinations.
9. Explain why community treatment has failed those with schizophrenia.
10. Explain the psychodynamic, behavioral, and cognitive explanations for the development (cause) of conversion and somatic symptom disorders.
11. Discuss the four-phase treatment approach that is used in cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating depression.
12. Discuss the history of the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). What observation led to its development as a treatment? How has its use evolved over the years?
13. Discuss the relationship between gender and depression.
14. Discuss the best treatment for female orgasmic disorder, including what the treatment entails as well as any controversial issues.
Sample Solution
Schizophrenia and Related Disorders
1. Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia:
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia reflect a decrease or absence of normal behaviors and emotions. They are distinct from positive symptoms like hallucinations or delusions, which involve an excess of normal experience. Here are four key negative symptoms:
- Alogia: This refers to a reduction in speech output. Individuals with alogia may speak in short sentences or monosyllables, or become completely mute.
- Avolition: This represents a lack of motivation or initiative. Individuals with avolition may neglect personal hygiene, withdraw from social activities, and struggle to complete tasks.
Full Answer Section
- Anhedonia: This is the inability to experience pleasure or joy in activities that were previously enjoyable.
- Apathy: This reflects a general lack of interest or emotional responsiveness. Individuals with apathy may appear withdrawn and unemotional, regardless of the situation.
- Depression vs. Mania and their Relationship to Bipolar Disorders:
- Depression: A mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest or pleasure in activities.
- Mania: A mood state characterized by abnormally elevated or irritable mood, racing thoughts, increased energy and activity levels, and potentially risky or impulsive behaviors.
- Effectiveness of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT):
- Interpersonal Therapy (IPT) for Depression:
- Grief: Unresolved grief over a loss can lead to depression. IPT helps individuals process their grief and find healthy ways to cope.
- Role Disputes: Disagreements or conflicts within relationships can be a trigger for depression. IPT helps individuals improve communication and conflict resolution skills.
- Social Isolation: Lack of social support can worsen depression. IPT helps individuals build stronger social connections.
- Interpersonal Sensitivity: Feeling overly sensitive to rejection or criticism can contribute to depression. IPT helps individuals develop more assertive communication skills.