Osteoporosis
Answer the following items using your own words. Be objective and concise while being professional.
1. During a case presentation at your clinic, you review four women with predisposing factors for osteoporosis. Which patient is least likely to be at risk for osteoporosis?
A. Nehineza, an overweight African American female with a family history of uterine cancer
B. Cristina, a Hispanic woman living a sedentary life
C. Park-Gim-Ka, an underweight Asian woman with a history of tobacco use
D. Skylar, a Caucasian woman experiencing early onset of menopause.
2. Densitometry results are given as T-scores. Which values would be considered osteopenia?
3. After prompt analysis of your patient, you decide to institute treatment for osteoporosis. Which class of medication is considered the first-line treatment? Are there any considerations to be made before starting therapy? Which recommendations would you provide to the patient regarding this treatment?
Sample Solution
Answers:
- A. Nehineza, an overweight African American female with a family history of uterine cancer
Rationale: While family history can be a risk factor, osteoporosis is more common in thin, Caucasian and Asian women. Additionally, being overweight offers some protection against bone loss.
Full Answer Section
- T-scores between -1.0 and -2.5
Explanation: A T-score of -1 indicates normal bone density. Scores between -1.0 and -2.5 are considered osteopenia, indicating low bone mass but not osteoporosis yet. Scores below -2.5 signify osteoporosis.
- Bisphosphonates are considered the first-line treatment for osteoporosis.
Considerations before starting Bisphosphonates:
- History of esophageal problems: Bisphosphonates can irritate the esophagus.
- Kidney function: These medications require adequate kidney function.
- Dental health: There is a small risk of jawbone complications with long-term use. A dental check-up is recommended before starting treatment.
Recommendations for the patient:
- Take the medication as prescribed, following specific instructions regarding food and posture.
- Maintain a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D.
- Engage in weight-bearing exercises to improve bone strength.
- Discuss the importance of regular follow-up appointments to monitor progress.
Note: This information is intended for general knowledge and should not be a substitute for medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment.