Poetry analysis Dante's Inferno Canto 1
Include a title (often something clever based off of the poem) and a subtitle (often “An explication of Poe’s ‘The
Raven’”). Please include the works cited at the end.
1. Examine the situation in the poem. After reading the poem carefully, decide what you think the poem is
trying to say. What is its theme? Don’t just say “this poem is about X.” Tell me what the poem is saying ABOUT
X.
a. Does the poem tell a story? Is it a narrative poem? If so, what events occur?
b. Does the poem express an emotion or describe a mood? Is it a lyric?
c. Poetic voice: Who is the speaker? Is the poet speaking to the reader directly or is the poem told through a
fictional persona? To whom is he speaking? Can you trust the speaker?
d. Tone : What is the speaker’s attitude toward the subject of the poem? What sort of tone of voice seems to be
appropriate for reading the poem out loud? What words, images, or ideas give you a clue to the tone?
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a. Form: Look at the number of lines, their length, their arrangement on the page. How does the form relate to
the content? Is it a traditional form (e.g., sonnet, villanelle) or “free form”? Why do you think the poet chose that
form for his poem?
b. Movement: How does the poem develop? Are the images and ideas developed chronologically, by cause
and effect, by free association? Does the poem circle back to where it started, or is the movement from one
attitude to a different attitude (e.g., from despair to hope)?
c. Syntax: How many sentences are in the poem? Are the sentences simple or complicated? Are the verbs in
front of the nouns instead of in the usual “noun, verb” order? Why?
d. Punctuation: What kind of punctuation is in the poem? Does the punctuation always coincide with the end of
the poetic line? If so, this is called an end-stopped line. Is there any punctuation in the middle of a line? Why do
you think the poet would want you to pause halfway through the line?
e. Title: What does the title mean? How does it relate to the poem itself?
Examine the language of the poem:
a. Diction or Word Choice: is the language colloquial, formal, simple, unusual?
b. Do you know what all the words mean? If not, look them up.
c. What moods or attitudes are associated with words that stand out?
d. Allusions : Are there any allusions (references) to something outside the poem, such as events or people
from history, mythology, religion?
e. Imagery: Look for words that evoke one or more of the senses. What associations do these images
suggest?
f. Figurative Language : Look at metaphors, similes, analogies, personification, symbols. How does this
figurative language added to the meaning of the poem or intensify its effect?
After looking at these literary techniques, decide which three or four of them you think are MOST important in
this poem. For example, you might choose 1) a central symbol; 2) the form of the poem; 3) the figurative
language, and 4) the pattern of dark imagery.
Examine the musical devices of the poem:
a. Rhyme scheme: Does the rhyme occur in a regular pattern, or irregularly? Is the effect formal, satisfying,
musical, funny, disconcerting?
b. Rhythm or Meter: in most languages, there is a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a word or
words in a sentence. In poetry, the variation of stressed and unstressed syllables and words has a rhythmic
effect. What is the tonal effect of the rhythm here?
c. Other “sound effects”” alliteration, assonance, consonance repetition. What tonal effect do they have here?