Race and ethic groups

Full Answer Section

Question 3: Impact of Pneumonia on Glycemia

C.B.'s glycemia is likely to increase if she develops bacterial pneumonia. Reasons include:

• Stress response: The body releases stress hormones like cortisol, raising blood sugar.
• Reduced insulin sensitivity: Inflammation from infection worsens insulin resistance.
• Increased glucose production: Liver releases glucose during illness.
• Decreased activity: Limited mobility can reduce glucose uptake in muscles.

Question 4: Recommended Treatment for C.B.

Non-pharmacological:

• Lifestyle changes: Diet modification, weight management, and regular exercise are crucial.
• Diabetes education: Understanding the condition and self-management strategies is essential.
• Blood sugar monitoring: Regular measurement helps track progress and adjust interventions.

Pharmacological:

• Oral medications: Metformin is often the first-line drug for type 2 DM.
• Insulin therapy: May be needed if oral medications are insufficient.

Additional Considerations:

• Cultural sensitivity: Respecting C.B.'s Winnebago heritage and incorporating culturally appropriate approaches is vital.
• Addressing financial concerns: Exploring affordable medication options and access to healthcare resources is crucial.
• Holistic approach: Combining traditional practices with conventional medicine, if C.B. is receptive, can be beneficial.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition.

Sample Solution

Case Study: C.B. and Potential Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Question 1: Prevalence of DM in Different Races and Ethnicities

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). While it affects all populations, certain groups show higher prevalence:

• Native Americans: Have the highest DM prevalence among all US racial/ethnic groups, with 2.3 times the national average.
• African Americans, Hispanics/Latinos, and Asian Americans: Also have higher prevalence compared to non-Hispanic whites.

Question 2: Signs and Symptoms of DM in C.B.

C.B. exhibits several signs and symptoms suggestive of DM Type 2:

• Elevated fasting blood sugar (141 mg/dL): Normal range is <100 mg/dL.
• Increased thirst and urination: Classic symptoms of hyperglycemia.
• Unexplained weight gain: 15 pounds in 6 months, especially with central obesity, is concerning.
• Weakness and numbness in one foot: Potential neuropathy, a DM complication.