Similarities) and contrast (differences) ionic and covalent bonding.
• Compare (similarities) and contrast (differences) ionic and covalent bonding.
• Make sure to discuss the valence electrons and electronegativity of the atoms involved.
• Give an example of a molecule formed with each type of bonding. In your example, give the chemical formula and the IUPAC name of each molecule.
• Finally, list 1 additional ionic and 1 additional covalent molecule, but don’t indicate which is ionic and which is covalent.
Sample Solution
Comparing and Contrasting Ionic and Covalent Bonding:
Similarities:
- Both involve sharing or transferring electrons to achieve a stable configuration with eight electrons in their outermost shell (the octet rule).
- Both create molecules with strong attractive forces between atoms, holding them together.
- Both are fundamental forces responsible for building a vast array of chemical compounds.
Differences:
Electron Involvement:
- Ionic Bonding: Electrons are completely transferred from one atom (usually a metal) to another (usually a non-metal), creating charged ions that attract electrostatically.
Full Answer Section
- Covalent Bonding: Electrons are shared between atoms, forming pairs that occupy the orbitals of both atoms and create a molecule.
Electronegativity:
- Ionic Bonding: Significant difference in electronegativity between metal (low) and non-metal (high) drives the complete electron transfer.
- Covalent Bonding: Electronegativity difference can be small or large.
- Polar covalent bond: Unequal sharing of electrons occurs when one atom has higher electronegativity and pulls the shared pair closer to itself.
- Nonpolar covalent bond: Electrons are shared equally when atoms have similar electronegativity.
Examples:
- Ionic Molecule: Sodium chloride (NaCl), IUPAC name: Sodium chloride
- Covalent Molecule: Methane (CH4), IUPAC name: Methane
Additional Examples:
- Ionic: Magnesium oxide (MgO)
- Covalent: Ammonia (NH3)
Remember, these are just representative examples, and numerous other molecules exist for each type of bonding. Identifying which type of bonding a molecule has involves analyzing the electronegativity difference and electron placement.