Smartphone antennas for 5G applications

    I'm working on a electrical engineering multi-part question and need an explanation to help me understand better. Problem Statement With the expansion in wireless industry across the world, the demand for high data rates has risen exponentially to accommodate and enable people to access the internet. In order to cater the huge demands of data traffic, the millimeter wave (mm-waves) frequency region has drawn attention of the research community as potential solution to the bandwidth and capacity issues and it is being recognized as the primary technology in fifth generation communications (5G). It is well known that, in order to achieve higher data rate and high directional patterns for antenna system should be employed in mobile devices for fifth generation (5G) communication applications. Larger number of antennas (instead of two or four) will be placed in the limited space of the mobile phone. Meanwhile, more antennas will bring new problems such as the reduction of isolation between each antenna.