Annette Lareau discusses her book Unequal Childhoods. She explains that parenting strategies vary by social class and points out that it is unclear whether these differences affect the long-term outcomes of children.
· Long Interview
After watching the interview with Annette Lareau, answer the following discussion question, in detail.
Parents of different socioeconomic statuses socialize their children differently. For example, middle-class parents are more likely to stress independence and self-direction, whereas working-class parents prioritize obedience to external authority. Describe these differences and explain what Lareau concludes about how family socialization reproduces social inequality.
Sample Solution
Parenting Strategies and Social Class
In her book "Unequal Childhoods: Class, Culture, and Family Life," sociologist Annette Lareau examines the different parenting strategies employed by middle-class and working-class families. She identifies two distinct parenting orientations: "concerted cultivation" and "accomplishment of natural growth."
Full Answer Section
Concerted Cultivation
Middle-class parents typically adopt a "concerted cultivation" parenting style. This approach emphasizes the development of their children's cognitive and social skills through structured activities, such as music lessons, sports teams, and after-school programs. Middle-class parents also place a high value on independence, self-reliance, and the ability to think critically.
Accomplishment of Natural Growth
Working-class parents, on the other hand, often follow an "accomplishment of natural growth" parenting style. This approach focuses on socialization within the family and community, emphasizing values such as respect for authority, obedience, and cooperation. Working-class parents believe that children learn best through everyday experiences and interactions with family members and neighbors.
Impact on Social Inequality
Lareau argues that these different parenting strategies contribute to the reproduction of social inequality. Middle-class children raised under the "concerted cultivation" approach develop skills and behaviors that are valued in the educational system and the workplace. They are taught to advocate for themselves, express their opinions, and take initiative. These skills give them a competitive advantage in schools and later in their careers.
Working-class children, on the other hand, are socialized to respect authority, follow rules, and fit in with a group. While these values are important in many aspects of life, they may not be as well-suited for the success in the current educational and economic system. Working-class children may struggle to express their individuality, challenge authority, or take risks, which can hinder their academic and professional advancement.
Lareau's Conclusions
Lareau's research suggests that parenting strategies are not simply personal choices but are shaped by the social and economic contexts in which families live. Middle-class parents have more resources and opportunities to engage in "concerted cultivation" parenting, while working-class parents often face constraints that limit their ability to adopt this approach.
Lareau also emphasizes that parenting is just one factor that contributes to social inequality. Other factors, such as access to quality education, healthcare, and housing, also play a significant role. However, her research highlights the importance of understanding how parenting practices interact with social class to shape children's life trajectories.
Conclusion
Annette Lareau's work provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between parenting strategies, social class, and inequality. Her findings raise important questions about how we can create a more equitable society where all children have the opportunity to succeed, regardless of their socioeconomic background.