Teaching and Training in Healthcare

Sample Solution

1. What is the difference between altruism and egoism?
2. What are some examples of humans acting altruistically?
3. What are some examples of humans acting egoistically?
4. What is the "natural" inclination of humans?
5. What are the four basic natural inclinations of human beings?
6. How can we use our natural inclinations to motivate us to do good in the world?
7. How can we be aware of the potential negative consequences of our natural inclinations?
8. Do you think most people do the right thing out of habit or out of reason?

Full Answer Section

1. What are some examples of people doing the right thing out of habit?
2. What are some examples of people doing the right thing out of reason?

These questions are specific and test the learner's understanding of the information on the basic nature of humans. They also require the learner to apply the information to real-world examples.

Here are the answers to the questions:

1. Altruism is the act of helping others without expecting anything in return. Egoism is the act of acting in one's own self-interest, even if it harms others.
2. Some examples of humans acting altruistically include donating to charity, volunteering their time, and helping others in need.
3. Some examples of humans acting egoistically include competing with each other for resources, cheating on their partners, and lying to get ahead.
4. The "natural" inclination of humans is to survive, reproduce, connect with others, and find meaning and purpose in life.
5. The four basic natural inclinations of human beings are the desire for survival, the desire for reproduction, the desire for social connection, and the desire for meaning and purpose.
6. We can use our natural inclinations to motivate us to do good in the world by focusing on the positive aspects of these inclinations. For example, we can use our desire for survival to motivate us to help others in need, and we can use our desire for reproduction to motivate us to create new life.
7. We can be aware of the potential negative consequences of our natural inclinations by understanding how these inclinations can lead to harmful behaviors. For example, our desire for survival can lead us to act selfishly or even violently, and our desire for reproduction can lead to overpopulation and environmental problems.
8. I think most people do the right thing out of a combination of habit and reason. We learn from our experiences what is considered "right" and "wrong," and we tend to repeat those behaviors that are rewarded and avoid those behaviors that are punished. However, we also have the ability to reason about our actions and make choices that are in line with our values.
9. Some examples of people doing the right thing out of habit include people who donate to charity every year or people who volunteer at their local soup kitchen.
10. Some examples of people doing the right thing out of reason include people who donate to charity because they believe it is the morally right thing to do or people who volunteer at their local soup kitchen because they want to help others in need.