Tenets of qualitative research methods

Sample Solution

Qualitative research methods aim to understand the lived experiences, meanings, and perspectives of individuals or groups. Here are the main tenets:

• Inductive Approach: Knowledge is built from data collected through interviews, observations, focus groups, and document analysis. Research questions emerge from the data rather than being predetermined.
• Focus on Meaning: Researchers aim to understand the "why" behind behaviors and experiences.

Full Answer Section

• Rich and Detailed Data: Qualitative methods gather in-depth descriptions and narratives, providing a nuanced understanding of the phenomenon under study.
• Holistic Perspective: The context and social setting surrounding experiences are considered crucial in understanding them.
• Reflexivity: Researchers acknowledge their own biases and how they might influence the research process.

Examples of Using Qualitative Methods in Social Work:

1. Understanding the Impact of Trauma: Qualitative interviews can explore the lived experiences of individuals who have experienced trauma, providing insights into their coping mechanisms and support needs.
2. Evaluating a New Social Program: Focus groups involving program participants can reveal their experiences with the program, its effectiveness, and areas for improvement.

Sampling Techniques

Probability Sampling:

• Random Selection: Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. This helps ensure representativeness and generalizability of findings to the larger population.
• Types: Random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling.

Non-Probability Sampling:

• Non-Random Selection: Samples are chosen based on convenience, judgment, or specific characteristics. Generalizability to a larger population is limited.
• Types: Purposive sampling (selecting based on specific criteria), convenience sampling (selecting readily available participants), snowball sampling (using existing participants to recruit others).

Choosing the Right Method:

• Qualitative research is ideal when you want to understand the "why" behind experiences, explore complex phenomena, or gain in-depth insights from a specific group.
• Probability sampling is preferred when generalizability to a larger population is crucial.
• Non-probability sampling is often used in exploratory research where representativeness is less of a concern or in situations where obtaining a random sample might be difficult.