The boy's actions are according to each of the four theories.

Sample Solution

Explaining the Boy's Behavior According to Crime Causation Theories

Understanding the Boy's Actions

A fourteen-year-old boy from a poor family shoplifts a soda and candy bar from a convenience store. This seemingly minor act can be analyzed through the lens of various crime causation theories.

1. Biological Theory

Biological theories suggest that criminal behavior is influenced by genetic, neurological, or physiological factors. In the case of the boy, a biological perspective might posit that:

• Genetic Predispositions: The boy may have inherited genetic traits that increase his risk of engaging in criminal behavior.
• Neurological Abnormalities: Brain abnormalities or dysfunctions could contribute to impulsive decision-making and impaired judgment.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Hormonal fluctuations during adolescence could influence the boy's behavior.

2. Psychological Theory

Psychological theories emphasize the role of individual personality traits, cognitive processes, and emotional states in criminal behavior. From a psychological perspective, the boy's actions could be attributed to:

• Personality Traits: The boy may possess impulsive or antisocial personality traits that increase his likelihood of engaging in delinquent behavior.
• Cognitive Distortions: The boy may hold distorted beliefs or justifications that minimize the seriousness of his actions.
• Emotional Problems: Underlying emotional issues, such as depression or anxiety, could contribute to the boy's behavior.

Full Answer Section

. Social Structure Theory

Social structure theories focus on the broader societal factors that influence criminal behavior. In the case of the boy, social structure theories might suggest that:

• Socioeconomic Disadvantage: The boy's poverty may create opportunities for crime and limit access to legitimate means of obtaining goods.
• Strain Theory: The boy may be experiencing strain or frustration due to his socioeconomic circumstances, leading him to engage in deviant behavior.
• Differential Opportunity Theory: The boy may have limited access to legitimate opportunities for success, making crime a more attractive option.

4. Social Process Theory

Social process theories examine the interactions between individuals and their social environment that can lead to criminal behavior. According to social process theories, the boy's actions could be explained by:

• Differential Association Theory: The boy may have been exposed to delinquent peers or family members who have influenced his behavior.
• Control Theory: The boy may have weak social bonds or a lack of social control, making him more susceptible to deviant behavior.
• Labeling Theory: The boy may have been labeled as a delinquent, leading to self-fulfilling prophecy and further deviant behavior.

Conclusion

The boy's behavior can be explained through a combination of these theories. While biological, psychological, and social structure factors may contribute to his actions, social process theories emphasize the importance of social interactions and environmental influences in shaping criminal behavior.