The difference between the U.S. and Continental eating styles.

Sample Solution

Absolutely. Let's address each question with textbook theories and examples:

1. Explain the difference between the U.S. and Continental eating styles.

• U.S. Eating Style:
  • Often referred to as the "zigzag" method.
  • The knife is used to cut food, then placed down.  
  • The fork is then switched from the left hand to the right hand to eat.
  • This style is generally faster and less formal.  
  • It is a more efficient way to eat if you are in a hurry.
• Continental Eating Style:
  • Also known as the "European" style.
  • The knife and fork are held throughout the meal.
  • The knife remains in the right hand, and the fork remains in the left.
  • Food is speared with the fork, tines down, or pushed onto the fork with the knife.
  • This style is considered more formal and elegant.
  • It is a more fluid style of eating, that helps to keep the focus on the conversation.
  • This style is often seen as more refined, and is the standard for high end restaurants.

2. How do introductions differ from the United States and other countries?

• United States:
  • Introductions are generally informal.
  • A firm handshake and direct eye contact are common.  
  • First names are often used quickly.
  • Verbal greetings are usually short and to the point.

Full Answer Section

• Other Countries:
  • Japan:
    • Bowing is the traditional greeting, with the depth of the bow indicating respect.  
    • Business cards are exchanged with both hands, with careful attention to their presentation.  
    • Formal titles and last names are used.
  • France:
    • A light handshake is common.  
    • Formal titles (e.g., Monsieur, Madame) are used until invited to use first names.
    • Personal space is valued, and greetings are often reserved.  
  • Latin America:
    • Greetings are often warm and physical, including handshakes, hugs, or cheek kisses, depending on the relationship and country.
    • Titles are important, and greetings can be more elaborate.
    • Time is often viewed as more flexible.
  • Middle Eastern Countries:
    • Greetings can be long, and very hospitable.
    • Respect for elders is very important.
    • Gender roles can play a large role in how greetings are conducted.

3. Identify some cultural taboos concerning giving flowers as gifts.

• Chrysanthemums:
  • In many Asian countries, particularly Japan and Korea, white chrysanthemums are associated with mourning and funerals. Giving them as a gift can be considered highly inappropriate.  
• Yellow Flowers:
  • In some Latin American countries, yellow flowers can symbolize death or jealousy.
  • In some parts of Europe, yellow flowers can symbolize infidelity.
• Number of Flowers:
  • In some Eastern European countries, giving an even number of flowers is considered bad luck and is associated with funerals. An odd number is preferred.  
• Specific Flower Types:
  • Red roses, while generally associated with love, can be considered too romantic for casual business or social occasions in some cultures.
  • Lilies, like chrysanthemums, are used in many cultures during funerals.  
• Flower Arrangements:
  • The way the flowers are arranged can also have different meanings. Some cultures have very specific ways that flowers should be arranged.

4. Please list the disadvantages and advantages of the exchange of email in the global business arena.

• Advantages:
  • Speed and Efficiency: Instant communication across time zones.
  • Cost-Effectiveness: Reduces the need for expensive phone calls or travel.
  • Documentation: Provides a written record of communication.  
  • Accessibility: Allows for easy sharing of documents and information.
  • Asynchronous Communication: Allows for people to respond at their own pace.
• Disadvantages:
  • Cultural Misunderstandings: Tone and context can be misinterpreted, leading to offense.
  • Language Barriers: Translation issues can cause confusion.
  • Lack of Nonverbal Cues: Missed body language and vocal tone can lead to misinterpretations.
  • Security Risks: Vulnerability to hacking, phishing, and malware.  
  • Information Overload: Excessive email can lead to stress and decreased productivity.  
  • Time Zone differences: While asynchronous communication is an advantage, it can also slow down time sensitive communications.

5. Describe cultural variations in business card exchange.

• Japan:
  • Business cards (meishi) are exchanged with great formality.
  • Both hands are used to present and receive cards.  
  • The card is held with the printed side facing the recipient.
  • The card is carefully examined and not immediately put away.
  • Respect is shown by not writing on the card.
• China:
  • Similar to Japan, cards are exchanged with both hands.  
  • Respect for hierarchy is shown by presenting and receiving cards in order of seniority.  
  • Cards are treated with respect and not immediately put away.
• Middle Eastern Countries:
  • Cards are exchanged with the right hand, as the left hand is considered unclean.
  • Cards are often exchanged after a period of initial conversation.
  • Titles and professional affiliations are important.
• United States and Western Europe:
  • Business card exchange is generally less formal.
  • The right hand is used to present and receive cards.
  • Cards are often exchanged at the beginning of a meeting.  
  • There is less emphasis on the ritual of the exchange.
• Variations:
  • In some cultures, it is seen as rude to put the card directly into a pocket. A business card holder is often used.
  • The language that is printed on the card is also very important. Often, one side of the card will be in the local language, and the other side will be in english.