The differences between genetics and genomics

As we explore the differences between genetics and genomics, consider genetics' role in health promotion, our practices, and disease prevention's role this week. Please answer the following discussion prompts: Choose one of the following topics: breast cancer, colon cancer, arthritis, type 1 diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, major depressive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, postpartum depression, or sickle cell anemia. Describe your chosen topic. How are genetics involved in your chosen topic? Is there a clear genetic link with your topic? If so, what genes are involved in the likelihood of this condition? If not, how might genetics impact your chosen subject? Relate how at least two environmental factors can impact your chosen topic based on evidence-based research. Explain a minimum of two protective factors associated with your chosen topic. Explain a minimum of two risk factors associated with your chosen topic. Support your response with in-text citations and APA-formatted scholarly references.

Sample Solution

       

Topic: Breast Cancer

Genetic Involvement in Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is a complex disease influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. While not all breast cancers are hereditary, a strong genetic component exists, particularly in familial cases.

Several genes have been identified as playing a significant role in breast cancer risk. The most well-known are BRCA1 and BRCA2. Mutations in these genes can significantly increase the risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2023). Other genes, such as TP53, PTEN, and CHEK2, have also been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer.

Environmental Factors Impacting Breast Cancer Risk

Numerous environmental factors can influence breast cancer risk:

  1. Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT): Studies have shown that long-term use of HRT, particularly combined estrogen and progestin therapy, can increase the risk of breast cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2023).
  2. Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol intake has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Alcohol can increase estrogen levels and damage DNA, both of which can contribute to cancer development (National Cancer Institute, 2023).

Full Answer Section

       

Protective Factors for Breast Cancer

  1. Regular Exercise: Physical activity has been associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Regular exercise can help maintain a healthy weight, lower estrogen levels, and reduce inflammation (American Cancer Society, 2023).
  2. Breastfeeding: Breastfeeding has been linked to a reduced risk of breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women. Breastfeeding may lower exposure to estrogen and reduce the number of menstrual cycles (American Cancer Society, 2023).

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

  1. Family History: Having a family history of breast cancer, especially in first-degree relatives, increases the risk.
  2. Age: The risk of breast cancer increases with age, particularly after menopause.

Conclusion

Breast cancer is a complex disease with both genetic and environmental influences. Understanding these factors can help individuals make informed decisions about their health and take steps to reduce their risk. Genetic testing can identify individuals with a higher risk, allowing for early detection and preventive measures. Additionally, adopting healthy lifestyle habits, such as regular exercise and a balanced diet, can further reduce the risk of developing breast cancer.

References

American Cancer Society. (2023). Breast Cancer Risk Factors. Retrieved from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/breast-cancer/risk-and-prevention.html

National Cancer Institute. (2023). Breast and Gynecologic Cancers (PDQ®). Retrieved from

https://www.cancer.gov/types/breast

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