The Meaning of Life
Chapter 16 of our textbook focuses on several different ethical theories. Ethics is the branch of philosophy that seeks to determine the 'best life' for human beings. There are two popular theories that seem to be at odds:
Utilitarianism (focuses on the consequences of an action, concerned with doing the most good for the most people)
Kantianism or deontology (focuses on intention, is non-consequentialist and follows the categorical imperative).
A third option is virtue ethics. This theory holds that ethics is about 'being' and not about 'doing'. In other words, the focus ought to be on character and virtue.
These three theories are not exhaustive - there are many more in ethics that we could reflect on. But, for this exercise please select one of the above theories and defend it as a 'best' option for human beings. Please state whether you think we do live under the rules of this theory now and why it would be beneficial as 'the' ethical theory for all of us to follow.
Sample Solution
Virtue ethics is the ethical theory that I believe is the best option for human beings. Virtue ethics focuses on character and virtue, rather than on consequences or intentions. This means that the focus is on being a good person, rather than on doing good things.
Virtue ethics is a holistic approach to ethics. It takes into account the whole person, including their thoughts, feelings, and actions. It also takes into account the context in which the person is making decisions.
Full Answer Section
Virtue ethics is a relatively new ethical theory, but it has gained popularity in recent years. This is because virtue ethics is a more realistic and practical approach to ethics than other ethical theories. Virtue ethics is a better option for human beings because:- It is more realistic. Virtue ethics takes into account the fact that we are not perfect beings. We make mistakes and we are sometimes swayed by our emotions. Virtue ethics does not expect us to be perfect, but it does expect us to strive to be good people.
- It is more practical. Virtue ethics helps us to make decisions in the real world. It does not require us to calculate the consequences of our actions or to follow a set of rules. Instead, it teaches us to act in accordance with our virtues.
- It is more fulfilling. Virtue ethics helps us to live a good life. It teaches us to develop our virtues and to use them to help others.
- A doctor who is guided by virtue ethics will always put the needs of their patients first. They will not make decisions based on financial gain or personal ambition.
- A businessperson who is guided by virtue ethics will treat their employees fairly and with respect. They will also be mindful of the environmental and social impact of their business.
- A politician who is guided by virtue ethics will make decisions based on the best interests of their constituents, even if those decisions are not popular.