The Greek historian Herodotus (the same author as in question one) recounts one of the most famous episodes in military history: the defeat of 300 Spartans (under King Leonidas) by the Persians (under Emperor Xerxes) at the pass of Thermopylae in 480 B.C. According to Herodotus, what advantages did the Persians have on the one hand, and the Greeks on the other? What was the motivation of Leonidas and the Spartan 300 in not abandoning their post?