Understanding the theoretical foundations, influential theorists, and demarcation of the three major movements of psychology

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      Behaviorism emerged in the early 20th century. John B. Watson is considered the father of behaviorism. Watson rejected Freud's theory of the unconscious and instead focused on observable behavior. Watson believed that human behavior is learned through conditioning. HTE psychology emerged in the mid-20th century. Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow, and Viktor Frankl are considered some of the key theorists in this movement. HTE psychology emphasizes the importance of human free will, self-actualization, and the search for meaning and purpose in life. Rationale for why each movement is/was considered essential to understanding human behavior and experiences Each of the three major movements in psychology has made significant contributions to our understanding of human behavior and experiences. Psychoanalysis provided a new way of thinking about the human mind. Freud's theory of the unconscious helped to explain a wide range of human behavior, including mental illness, dreams, and slips of the tongue. Behaviorism helped to shift the focus of psychology from the internal mind to observable behavior. This shift led to new insights into how humans learn and how to change behavior. HTE psychology emphasized the importance of the individual and the subjective experience. This movement helped to humanize psychology and to focus on the positive aspects of human nature. Analysis of psychoanalysis/psychodynamic theory The primary tenets and perspectives of psychoanalysis include:

• The unconscious mind: Freud believed that the unconscious mind is a powerful force that influences our thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
• Defense mechanisms: Freud also believed that we use defense mechanisms to protect ourselves from anxiety and conflict.
• Psychosexual stages of development: Freud proposed that we all go through a series of psychosexual stages of development, from infancy to adulthood.

Some of the key theorists in psychoanalysis include:

• Sigmund Freud
• Carl Jung
• Alfred Adler
• Erik Erikson

Neo-Freudianism is a term used to describe a number of psychoanalytic theorists who challenged or modified Freud's original theories. Some of the key Neo-Freudian theorists include:

• Carl Jung
• Alfred Adler
• Karen Horney
• Erich Fromm

Analysis of behaviorism The theoretical underpinnings of behaviorism are based on the principle of learning. Behaviorists believe that all behavior is learned through conditioning. The primary tenets and concepts of behaviorism include:

• Classical conditioning: Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an unconditioned stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.
• Operant conditioning: Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which behavior is reinforced or punished, which leads to changes in the frequency of the behavior.

Some of the key theorists in behaviorism include:

• John B. Watson
• F. Skinner
• Ivan Pavlov

Analysis of humanistic, transpersonal, and existential psychology HTE psychology is a diverse movement that encompasses a number of different approaches. However, there are some common themes that emerge across the movement. One common theme is the emphasis on the individual and the subjective experience. HTE psychologists believe that each person is unique and that their own personal experiences are the best way to understand them. Another common theme is the focus on the positive aspects of human nature. HTE psychologists believe that humans are capable of great things, such as self-actualization and the search for meaning and purpose in life. Some of the key theorists in HTE psychology include:

• Carl Rogers
• Abraham Maslow
• Viktor Frankl
• Rollo May
• James Bugental

Synthesis and application of the theories The three major movements in psychology can be synthesized in a number of ways. For example, some therapists use a combination of psychodynamic and behavioral techniques. Other therapists may combine HTE principles with cognitive-behavioral therapy. The theories of psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and HTE psychology can be applied to a wide range of settings, including:

• Psychotherapy: Therapists from all three movements use their theories to help clients understand and change their behavior.
• Education: Teachers can use the principles of learning to help students learn more effectively.
• Organizational development: Consultants can use the theories of human motivation and behavior to help organizations improve their performance.

Conclusion Psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and HTE psychology are the three major movements in psychology. Each movement has its own unique history, theories, and applications.  

Sample Solution

   

Overall historical context of psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic, transpersonal, and existential psychology

Psychoanalysis, behaviorism, and humanistic, transpersonal, and existential psychology (HTE) are the three major movements in psychology. Each movement has its own unique history, theories, and applications.

Psychoanalysis is the oldest of the three movements, dating back to the late 19th century. Sigmund Freud is considered the father of psychoanalysis. Freud developed a theory of the mind that proposed that human behavior is driven by unconscious forces.