Utilitarianism

Sample Solution

To determine the reasonable options and the morally correct choice in a particular scenario, it is essential to apply the principles of utilitarianism, a moral philosophy that emphasizes the greatest good for the greatest number. Utilitarianism evaluates actions based on their overall consequences, aiming to maximize overall happiness or well-being.

To illustrate the application of utilitarianism, consider a hypothetical scenario:

Scenario: A group of hikers is lost in a remote wilderness area. They have been without food or water for several days and are starting to experience the effects of dehydration and hunger. They stumble upon a cabin with a small supply of food and water, but there is not enough for everyone.

Full Answer Section

Reasonable Options:

1. Divide the food and water evenly among all hikers: This option ensures that everyone receives a share of the resources, minimizing individual suffering.

2. Prioritize those who are most vulnerable: This option focuses on those who are most likely to suffer or die without the resources, such as the youngest, oldest, or weakest members of the group.

3. Use the resources to signal for help: This option prioritizes the group's survival by using the resources to attract attention and potentially lead to a rescue.

Utilitarian Perspective:

From a utilitarian standpoint, the best choice would be the option that maximizes overall well-being. In this scenario, dividing the resources evenly would likely lead to the least amount of suffering, as everyone would receive some sustenance. However, if certain individuals are significantly more vulnerable, prioritizing them might result in a higher overall level of well-being.

Consequences:

Dividing the resources evenly would ensure that everyone receives some nourishment, but it might not be enough to sustain everyone until they are rescued. Prioritizing the most vulnerable might extend their survival, but it would leave the remaining individuals with less sustenance. Using the resources to signal for help could lead to a rescue, but it would mean sacrificing the immediate availability of food and water.

Morally Correct Choice:

According to utilitarianism, the morally correct choice is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number. In this scenario, the most ethically justifiable decision would likely be to prioritize those who are most vulnerable, as this option minimizes the overall suffering and maximizes the likelihood of survival for the group.

Conclusion:

Utilitarianism provides a framework for making moral decisions by emphasizing the consequences of actions and aiming to maximize overall well-being. While it is not always easy to determine the course of action that will produce the greatest good, utilitarianism offers a valuable tool for ethical decision-making.