Validation of a simulation against empirical data

According to Chalmers et al. (1995, p. 173), validation of a simulation against empirical data is not about comparing “the real world” and the simulation output; but it is a comparison of what is observed as the real world with what is observed as the output. In this scenario, both are constructions of observers and their views concerning relevant agents and their attributes (Chalmers et al., 1995). Constructing reality and simulation are just two-way of an observer seeing the world. The issue of objective, formation is not normally considered by computer scientists relying on the standard view: data is “organized" by a human programmer who appropriately fits them into the chosen representational structure. In most cases, researchers apply their prior knowledge of the nature of the problem to hand-code a representation of the data into a near-optimal form. Q3 – In consideration of the constructionist’s views regarding the quality of social simulation as an example of a research-based and policy modeling approach, what happens when the possibility of validating a simulation by comparing it with empirical data from the “real world” is questioned? • provide a short and clear narrative with an explanation of what happens.