We tend to measure memory by recognition, recall and relearning.

Sample Solution

Recognition: This involves identifying something previously encountered. For example, recognizing a familiar face in a crowd or a word in a word bank.

Recall: This involves retrieving information from memory without any external cues. For example, recalling the name of a childhood friend or the capital of France.

Relearning: This involves learning something a second time and comparing the time it takes to learn it the second time with the time it took to learn it the first time. For example, relearning a language you studied in high school and measuring how quickly you can reacquire the vocabulary.

Full Answer Section

Flashbulb Memory

A flashbulb memory is a vivid, detailed memory of a surprising or emotionally significant event. It's often accompanied by strong emotional reactions and a sense of clarity.

Accuracy: While flashbulb memories are often highly detailed and vivid, they are not always accurate. Research has shown that these memories can be distorted over time and influenced by subsequent events or information.

Example: A person might have a vivid flashbulb memory of where they were when they heard about the 9/11 attacks. However, subsequent research has shown that these memories can be inaccurate in terms of specific details.

Context and State Dependency of Memory

Sue's behavior is an example of context-dependent memory. This refers to the phenomenon where memory is improved when the retrieval environment matches the learning environment. In Sue's case, studying in the same room as the test and drinking coffee during both study and test sessions can enhance her recall of the material.

State-dependent memory is another factor that can influence memory. This refers to the idea that memory is better when the internal state (e.g., mood, arousal) at retrieval matches the state during learning. For example, if you were happy when you learned something, you may be more likely to remember it if you are happy when you try to recall it.

In conclusion, memory is a complex process influenced by various factors, including recognition, recall, relearning, flashbulb memory, context dependency, and state dependency. By understanding these factors, we can improve our memory strategies and techniques.